Upper Mustang Trek is one of Nepal’s most intriguing and unique trekking routes, taking travelers through a remote and mystical region often referred to as the “Last Forbidden Kingdom.” Nestled in the rain-shadow of the Annapurna range, Upper Mustang remains a pristine area, largely untouched by modern development. With its dramatic landscapes, ancient Tibetan culture, and awe-inspiring views, the trek offers an unforgettable journey through a land frozen in time.
Upper Mustang, which lies in the northwestern part of Nepal, was once a sovereign kingdom, and its culture remains heavily influenced by Tibet. The region was only opened to foreign trekkers in 1992, and it still maintains a restricted area designation, meaning trekkers need a special Restricted Area Permit to visit. The area’s isolation has helped preserve its unique Tibetan Buddhist traditions, architecture, and lifestyle.
The trek takes you through traditional villages such as Lo Manthang, the ancient capital of the Kingdom of Mustang, where time seems to stand still. Here, you’ll encounter monasteries, chortens (Buddhist stupas), and manis (prayer stones), all of which are integral to the local spiritual and cultural identity. The Tibetan Buddhist influence is evident in the region’s festivals, rituals, and the locals’ way of life, with people still adhering to centuries-old customs and practices.
The Upper Mustang Trek is a visual treat, offering travelers the chance to witness some of the most dramatic landscapes in Nepal. The region’s high desert-like terrain, known for its barren beauty, features vast sand dunes, cliffs, and canyon-like valleys. The barren, almost lunar landscape is contrasted by snow-capped peaks and the distant Annapurna and Dhaulagiri mountain ranges.
One of the most iconic features of the Upper Mustang is the stark, arid beauty of the Lo Manthang Valley. This area is home to deep gorges, dramatic cliffs, and rocky outcrops, providing some of the most incredible photographic opportunities in the region. The cave dwellings carved into the cliffs of the Kali Gandaki River valley are also a highlight of the trek, with some believed to be over 2,000 years old. These ancient structures add a sense of mystique and intrigue to the journey.
The Upper Mustang Trek is considered moderate in difficulty, making it accessible to trekkers with a reasonable level of fitness. The route traverses rugged terrain, but the altitude is lower than many of Nepal’s other high-altitude treks, making it a suitable option for those looking to experience remote trekking without extreme elevation challenges.
The trek typically lasts 10 to 14 days, starting in Jomsom, the main gateway to Upper Mustang. From here, trekkers follow the Kali Gandaki River northward, passing through small villages like Kagbeni and Chele, where you’ll witness the unique architecture and lifestyle of the local people. The journey culminates at Lo Manthang, a historic walled city where you can explore monasteries like Chodey Gompa and Jampa Gompa, which contain ancient Buddhist artifacts and murals.
As you trek through the Upper Mustang Valley, the region’s dry and dusty terrain gradually transforms into lush green fields as you reach higher altitudes. The trek is a fascinating contrast of landscapes, from the desert-like expanse to the verdant pockets of greenery and the snowy peaks that surround the valley.
Though Upper Mustang is primarily a barren landscape, the region is home to a surprising variety of wildlife, particularly at higher altitudes. The region’s biodiversity includes animals such as the blue sheep, yak, and Himalayan tahr, which are often spotted grazing in the valleys. Birdwatchers will also be delighted by sightings of the Himalayan griffon vulture, snow partridge, and bearded vulture.
While trekking in Upper Mustang, trekkers may also encounter medicinal plants used by the locals, who have long relied on the area’s natural resources for their traditional healing practices. Juniper, rosemary, and rhodiola are some of the notable plants found in the region, many of which hold spiritual significance.
The best time to trek Upper Mustang is during the autumn (September to November) and spring (March to May) seasons. These months offer clear skies, stable weather, and excellent visibility of the surrounding mountain ranges. The region is sheltered from the monsoon rains due to its position in the rain-shadow of the Annapurna range, making it an ideal destination even during Nepal’s rainy season.
During the autumn season, trekkers can enjoy the vibrant festivals of Mustang, such as the Tiji Festival, which celebrates the triumph of good over evil through traditional dances, prayers, and rituals.
The Upper Mustang Trek offers an unforgettable experience in one of Nepal’s most mysterious and culturally rich regions. From the mystical monasteries and ancient cave dwellings to the breathtaking landscapes, this trek provides a deep dive into the heart of Nepal’s hidden kingdom. Whether you are a cultural enthusiast, a history buff, or simply someone looking for a unique trekking adventure, the Upper Mustang Trek is a journey that will leave you with lifelong memories and a greater appreciation for the beauty and diversity of Nepal.
